Effectiveness analysis of muscle fatigue in rehabilitation based on surface electromyogram / 生物医学工程学杂志

Muscle fatigue has widespread application in the field of rehabilitation medicine. The paper studies the muscle fatigue using surface electromyogram (sEMG) in the background of rehabilitation training system. The sEMG and ventilatory threshold of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and erector spinae are collected synchronously and the electromyogram fatigue threshold (EMG ) of different sEMG was analyzed by increasing load cycling experiments of 10 healthy subjects. This paper also analyzes the effect of isotonic and isometric contraction on EMG . Results showed that the appeared time of EMG was earlier than that of ventilatory threshold in the incremental load cycling. While the differences were subtle and EMG was verified to be effective. EMG has been proven effective for different muscle contraction by comparing the EMG of vastus lateralis and erector spinae. EMG could be used to keep muscle injuries from overtraining in the process of rehabilitation. Therefore, EMG has a great significance for femoral shaft fractures's fatigue monitoring in rehabilitation training.

Clinical Effectiveness of Intradermal Needle-embedding Therapy for Swallowing Function in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of intradermal needle-embedding therapy in the treatment of dysphagia in stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 80 stroke patients with dysphagia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (n ＝ 40 in each). The control group was treated with conventional medicines, neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the bilateral midlines of the neck and swallowing function training, and the treatment group treated by intradermal needle-embedding at Lianquan (CV 23), Jialianquan-point, Yifeng (TE 17), Ashi-point, etc. (once every other day for 20 days) on the basis of the treatments used in the control group. Swallowing function (0－10 points scaling, the bigger the better)and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the bilateral suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles in the relaxing, nothing swallowing and water-swallowing conditions were tested before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the swallowing scores were significantly increased in both groups compared with those of their individual pre-treatment (P<0.05), suggesting an improvement of swallowing function. During relaxing, nothing swallowing and water-swallowing conditions, the peak amplitudes of sEMG were considerably increased in both groups relevant to those of their individual pre-treatment (P<0.05)．The swallowing function score, and maximum amplitudes of sEMG during relaxing, nothing swallowing and water-swallowing conditions were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05), suggesting a better efficacy of intradermal needle-embedding treatment. CONCLUSION: Intradermal needle-embedding can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke patients with dysphagia.

Research on the influence factors of the carrying system / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate surface electromyography signal (sEMG) of the major back muscle group and subjective fatigue assessment under different experimental combinations during walk with weight on both shoulders, as well as the functional status and fatigue property of human muscles.@*Methods@#From October to December, 2017, 10 college students were recruited to participate in shoulder weight-bearing work and walk under the combinations of different shoulder strap widths, weights, and hardness of waist cushion. The subjects were required to complete 12 sets of experiments, with each set lasting for 15 minutes, and the rest time between work was 30 minutes. The sEMG signals of the upper trapezius and the erector spinae were measured during the experiment, and subjective fatigue assessment was performed during rest. The time domain evaluation index (average amplitude, aEMG) , the frequency domain evaluation index (median frequency, MF) , and the data of subjective assessment were processed and analyzed.@*Results@#Weight and shoulder strap width had a significantly effect on fatigue (P<0.01) , and the change in the hardness of waist cushion had no significant effect on fatigue (P>0.05) . There was an interaction effect between weight and shoulder strap width (P<0.01) , and there was no interaction effect between weight, shoulder strap width, and hardness of waist cushion (P>0.05) . For the backpack carrying system, the combination of 10% weight and 50 mm shoulder strap width was the best one for relieving fatigue. The subjective test also showed that subjective feelings of muscle fatigue were associated with the weight and width, which was consistent with sEMG results.@*Conclusion@#The results of this experiment show that the combination of 10% weight and 50 mm shoulder strap width can help to relieve muscle fatigue during walk with weight on both shoulders, and weight-bearing walking is more likely to cause the fatigue of the erector spinae.

Variation of Surface Electromyogram with Manipulation of Tuina for Stroke Hemiplegics / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the effect of various manipulation of Tuina on surface electromyogram (sEMG) in hemiplegics after stroke. Methods From January to May, 2016, 20 inpatients with hemiplegia after stroke accepted Tuina on bilateral rectus femoris by the same therapist, with the techniques of rolling, patting, rubbing, shaking, kneading and pressing, one minute a manipulation and interval one minute. Integrated electromyography (iEMG), root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of sEMG were compared, both in rest and during Tuina. Results There was no significant difference of iEMG, RMS and MF between affected and unaffected sides in rest (t0.05). iEMG and RMS were the most under patting (F>21.376, P11.772, P0.05). iEMG and RMS were less in the affected side than in the unaffected side under patting (P<0.05). Conclusion Various manipulation of Tuina may be different in neuromuscular stimulation, that patting may stimulate more muscles and motor units.

A new approach for multi-channel surface EMG signal simulation

Simulation models are necessary for testing the performance of newly developed approaches before they can be applied to interpreting experimental data, especially when biomedical signals such as surface electromyogram (SEMG) signals are involved. A new and easily implementable surface EMG simulation model was developed in this study to simulate multi-channel SEMG signals. A single fiber action potential (SFAP) is represented by the sum of three Gaussian functions. SFAP waveforms can be modified by adjusting the amplitude and bandwidth of the Gaussian functions. SEMG signals were successfully simulated at different detected locations. Effects of the fiber depth, electrode position and conduction velocity of SFAP on motor unit action potential (MUAP) were illustrated. Results demonstrate that the easily implementable SEMG simulation approach developed in this study can be used to effectively simulate SEMG signals.

Therapeutic Observation of Acupuncture for Hemifacial Spasm / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating hemifacial spasm and its effect on the surface electromyogram signal of orbicularis oculi muscle under contraction state.Method Seventy-six patients with hemifacial spasm were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 38 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional medications, while the treatment group was by acupuncture in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The surface electromyogram signal of orbicularis oculi muscle under contraction before and after intervention, clinical efficacies, and side effects were compared between the two groups.Result The MF and MPF values were significantly changed after intervention in both groups (P<0.05). After intervention, the MPF value in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.1% in the treatment group versus 63.2% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The TESS scores after intervention were significantly different from that before intervention in both groups (P<0.05). After intervention, the TESS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture is an effective method in treating hemifacial spasm, and it can release muscle fatigue.

Morfología de la cadera y media de contracción muscular en bipedestación en la parálisis cerebral / Morphologie de la hanche et moyenne de contraction musculaire en position bipède dans la paralysie cérébrale / Hip morphology and average muscle contraction when standing in cerebral palsy

Introducción: en la parálisis cerebral la articulación de la cadera es una de las más afectadas; sus alteraciones conllevan complicaciones importantes. Aunque su desarrollo se relaciona con trastorno del tono muscular y desequilibrio entre el grupo abductor y el adductor no existen datos objetivos que permitan cuantificar la proporción exacta entre las contracciones de ambos grupos musculares, a partir de la cual esta articulación se encuentra en riesgo. Objetivos: mostrar en una población con parálisis cerebral la media global del porcentaje de contracción de los grupos abductores (µ por ciento Abd) y adductores (µ por ciento Add) de cadera en bipedestación y compararla con los distintos grados de alteración de dicha articulación. Métodos: se midió la actividad muscular en bipedestación de los grupos abductor y adductor en 19 caderas, de 10 sujetos con parálisis cerebral utilizando un electromiógrafo de superficie. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje respecto a la contracción máxima isométrica obtenida previamente en los mismos grupos musculares. Las caderas se valoraron utilizando estudios radiológicos. Resultados: la media del porcentaje de contracción del grupo adductor supera a la del grupo abductor en las caderas subluxadas y luxadas. En el estudio por casos, al comparar resultados individuales con la media global para nuestra población no se consigue una asociación significativa. Conclusiones: se intuye que aunque el grupo adductor es un factor importante en el desarrollo de la patología coxofemoral, no es útil como indicador del estado articular aun utilizando medias de población con alteraciones neurológicas(AU)

Introduction: the hip joint is one of the most affected joint in cerebral palsy and its alterations are one of the most important complications. Although its development is related to muscle tone disorder and imbalance between abductor and adductor groups, there are no objective data that allow us to quantify the exact proportion between contractions of both muscle groups from which this joint is at risk. Objective: show, in a population with cerebral palsy, the mean of contraction percentage of hip abductors (µ pecent Abd) and adductors (µ percent Add) groups when standing and compare it with the different degrees of alteration of this joint. Methods: muscle activity of the abductors and adductors groups when standing was measured in 19 hips of 10 subjects with cerebral palsy using a surface electromyography. Results were expressed in percentage regarding the maximum isometric contraction previously obtained in the same muscle groups. Hips were assessed using radiological studies. Results: the mean percentage of contraction of the adductor group exceeds the adductor group in subluxated and luxated hips. In these case studies, a significant association when comparing individual results with the overall mean for our population is not achieved. Conclusions: although the adductor group is an important step in the development of hip pathology factor, it is not useful as an indicator of this joint stage, even using population means suffering neurological disorders(AU)

Introduction: l'articulation de la hanche est l'une des structures les plus souvent touchées dans la paralysie cérébrale; son altération provoque des complications importantes. Bien que son évolution soit associée à un trouble du tonus musculaire et de l'équilibre entre le groupe abducteur et le groupe adducteur, il n`y a pas de données objectives permettant de calculer la proportion exacte entre les contractions de tous ces deux groupes musculaires, à partir de laquelle cette articulation est en risque. Objectifs: le but de ce travail est de montrer la moyenne totale du pourcentage de contractions du groupe abducteur (µ pourcent Add) de la hanche en position bipède dans une population atteinte de paralysie cérébrale, et de la comparer avec les différents grades d'altération de cette articulation. Méthodes: on a mesuré l'activité musculaire en position bipède des groupes abducteur et adducteur de 10 patients (19 hanches), atteints de paralysie cérébrale, en utilisant un électromyographe de surface. Les résultats sont exprimés en pourcentage par rapport à la contraction maximale isométrique obtenue préalablement dans les mêmes groupes musculaires. On a évalué les hanches en faisant des examens radiologiques. Résultats: la moyenne du pourcentage de contraction du groupe adducteur supère celle du groupe abducteur dans les hanches subluxées et luxées. Dans l'étude des cas, on n'a pas obtenu une association significative en comparant les résultats individuels avec la moyenne totale de notre population. Conclusions: bien que le groupe adducteur soit un facteur clé dans l'évolution de la pathologie coxofémorale, il n'est pas utile comme indicateur de l'état articulaire, même en utilisant des moyennes de populations atteintes d'altérations neurologiques.

The Effect of Visual Information Provision on the Changes of Electromyogram Activity in Trunk and Lower Leg Muscles during Dynamic Balance Control / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of electromyogram activity of trunk and lower leg muscles during dynamic balance control in 20 healthy adult subjects when various experimental visual conditions were applied. Surface electromyography system was used for recording of any signals produced by muscles. Muscle activity was recorded from muscles, of which left and right sides of rectus abdominis, external obliques, longissimus thoracis, multifidus, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior, and then normalized as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. All data obtained from experiment were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0, and two-way analysis of variance were used to determine statistical significance between two factors (3x2 factorial analysis, visual conditions vs. leg conditions). Statistical significance levels were set at alpha=0.05. There were significant different in biceps femoris and external obliques muscle's activities between right and left leg, showing more prominent reduction in left leg when blind vision condition was given. Significantly higher muscle activities were shown in both sides of multifidus (p<0.05), vastus medialis (p<0.001), tibialis anterior (p<0.001) and gastrocnemius medialis (p<0.001) with sighted vision and blanking vision compared to the condition of blind vision. These results confirmed that muscle activity is prominently stimulated by visual information provision, and this implies that visual input may be a major factor for maintaining of the body's balance control.

Characteristics of Surface Electromyogram of Forearm Muscles of Parkinson's Disease Patients with or without Load / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the characteristics of surface electromyogram (sEMG) of the forearm muscles of Parkinson's disease patients with or without load. Methods 26 Parkinson's disease patients and 28 healthy individuals participated in this study. All the subjects performed isometric contraction for elbow flexion without load or with a load of 1.5 kg. The sEMG signals were collected by surface elec-trodes and processed by linear time and frequency domain method. Results The values of median frequency (MF) and mean power frequen-cy (MPF) were higher in the patients than in the healthy controls without load (P<0.05). The value of average EMG (AEMG) was lower in the patients than in the healthy controls with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). For the patients, the values of MF and MPF were higher without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001), and the value of AEMG was lower without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). For the healthy controls, only the value of AEMG was lower without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). Conclusion The values of MF and MPF are higher in Parkinson's disease patients than in the healthy controls without load while the value of AEMG is lower in Parkinson's dis-ease patients than in the healthy controls with load.

Coordination of Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris and Vastus Lateralis in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo compare the coordination characteristic of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) between patients with knee osteoarthritis and healthy subjects. Methods34 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 34 controls with normal knee were tested in isometric knee extension at knee joint angles of 10°, 60°, 100° flexion and isokinetic knee extension at velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. Surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded in the VM, RF and VL. The activation sequence of muscles and VM/VL EMG ratio were analyzed. ResultsThe VM started significantly later than the VL in isokinetic contraction at 180°/s in patients compared with the controls (P<0.05), and the VM/VL EMG ratio decreased in isometric contraction with knee extension at 10° (P<0.05). ConclusionThe coordination of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis decreases in the knee osteoarthritis patients.

The effect of surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation on lower limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effect of surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation on lower limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods Thirty hemiplegic stroke patients were divided into a treatment group ( 15 cases) and a control group ( 15 cases). Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation training.Additionally, the treatment group was given surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation training, while the control group was given common low frequency electrical stimulation. Brunnstrom's recovery stages, the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and electromyographic parameters were assessed before and after 3 courses of treatment. Results After treatment both groups had significantly higher Brunnstrom and FMA scores and better integrated electromyograms(iEMG), but the effects in the treatment group were significantly better than in the control group. Conclusions Surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation training can provide satisfactory rehabilitation of lower limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients.

Relationship between Surface EMG and Angle of Elbow Joint / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To explore the correlation between the moving angle of elbow joint and surface electromyogram signal(sEMG)activities of biceps and triceps.Methods The eigenvalue of sEMG during elbow joint moving under constant load were calculated with means of root mean square(RMS)and integrated electromyogram(iEMG)in time domain.Results The experimental results showed that both the chavacteristics of RMS and iEMG for biceps differed from those of triceps.The sEMG activities of biceps increased with the increment of elbow joint angle,while those from triceps reached to the maximum values when elbow joint angle was 90?.Furthermore,the sEMG activities of triceps at the elbow angle of 45? was similar with that when elbow angle was 135?.Conclusion The sEMG from biceps and triceps can reflect the moving angle of elbow joint under constant load.

DEVELOPMENT OF ACCUMLATED AND TEMPORARY FATIGUE DURING REPEATED CYCLING SPRINTS / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to determine whether accumulated and temporary fatigue could be separately observed in repeated cycling sprints (RCS) with combined short and long recovery periods. Eight male performed three RCS with 35-sec (RCS₃₅), 350-sec (RCS₃₅₀) and combined 35-sec and 350-sec recovery periods (RCS_comb). RCS_comb consisted of ten 10-sec cycling sprints (CSs) with 35-sec and 350-sec recovery periods before the 5^th and 9^th CS. In RCS_comb, peak power output (PPO) was restored in the 5^th and not in 9^th CS. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) progressively increased, but there were no significant differences among conditions despite the difference in PPO. In RCS_comb, mean power frequency determined on the vastus lateralis was correlated with PPO and oxygen uptake before CSs (preVO₂) showed high in short recovery periods and low values in long recovery periods. Accumulated and temporary fatigue cannot be explained by effects of preVO₂ and [La].

Application of active electrode at detection of surface EMG signal / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces an active electrode of preamplifier with ordinary electrode.It has the depression-ability to noise and interference,and more high signal/noise ratio about this electrode.It is fit for the detection of poor signal of bioelectricity.

Electromyographic analysis of upper limbs and trunk during elbow extension activities in C_5 and C_6 SCI patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore how the spared muscles in upper limbs and trunk compensated for elbow extension movements in patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6.Methods Fifteen patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6 and fifteen healthy subjects were divided into an SCI group and a control group respectively.The surface EMG recorded from the anterior dehoid,middle deltoid,posterior deltoid,triceps braehii muscle,biceps braehii muscle,upper peetoralis,serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi during four elbow extension activities including grasp- ing cup,reaching for light-switch,wheelchair ambulation and upper limb weight-bearing.The relative EMG intensi- ties of muscles were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary contraction.Results Several muscles partici- pated in the activity simultaneously when both groups of subjects performed every motor task.But the primary muscles involved in the movements were different between the two groups.Furthermore,the SCI group tended to employ more muscles than the controls to perform a activity.The compensatory strategies used in various motor tasks by the spared muscles were different.Conclusion The motorueuron recruitment patterns used by the C_(5～6)SCI patients in per- forming elbow extension activities could be different from those by the healthy subjects.The patients accomplished performing different motor tasks by changing their compensatory strategies.

The Effect of Regional Anesthesia for Premedication of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy on Swallowing Motor Function / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Regianal anesthesia applied by means of a gargle provides satisfactory analgesia for premedication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). To access the influence of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride after regional anesthesia on oropharyngeal components of swal- lowing, we used the videofluorographic swallowing study for the evaluation of pharyngeal architecture, time of pharyngeal barium passage, and the submental surface EMG(S-EMG) for the evaluation of functional changes in skeletal muscle. Measurements were made in 10 healthy volunteers without any oropharyngeal problems. There was no liquid aspiration symptoms or signs before and after regional anesthesia application. Also, there were no structural changes in pharyngeal swallowing motion and no significant prolongation of pharyngeal barium transit time. But regional anesthesia affected the eletro-activities in swallowing skeletal muscle, i.e, the swallowing durations, peak amplitudes of peristaltic wave, and area under curves in S-EMG, which returned to pre-anesthesia levels in 60 minute's time. Therefore, it will be recommended to avoid meal within 60 minute's after regional anesthesia for EGD.